Sleep patterns refer to the regular and predictable cycles of sleeping and waking that individuals experience over a period of time. These patterns can vary from person to person, but generally involve recurring periods of deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Research in this area often focuses on understanding the factors that influence sleep patterns, such as age, genetics, lifestyle, and external environmental factors. Studying sleep patterns can provide insights into the importance of quality sleep for overall health and well-being, as well as inform treatments for sleep disorders such as insomnia and sleep apnea.